About How Many Requests for Review Does the Us Supreme Court Receive Each Year?
In the United States, democracy relies on maintaining a balance of power between three key branches: the executive co-operative, the legislative branch, and the judicial branch, which is where the Supreme Court (SCOTUS) resides. Deemed experienced legal experts, the Chief Justice and viii Associate Justices who sit on the courtroom have the final say when it comes to interpreting American laws and the Constitution.
As such, the Supreme Court plainly plays a powerful function in confirming or denying legal rights and practices in the U.South., and, at times, the Court's decisions have completely contradistinct the fabric of life in America and the class of the nation. For example, the Court ruled on landmark cases such equally Brown v. Board of Education, which outlawed racial segregation in public schools, and Roe v. Wade, which legalized abortion. More recently, the Court's ruling on Bostock v. Clayton County ensured that under Title VII of the Civil Rights Deed of 1964, LGBTQ+ workers are protected from workplace discrimination. Needless to say, the Court'due south rulings are as important equally ever.
Of grade, like any function of a branch of government in the U.Southward., the Supreme Court is subject to checks and balances; presidents have the ability to engage new justices when seats on the Courtroom open up, and the Senate has the ability to ostend or reject those appointments. Regardless, the justices who are selected serve for a lifetime — or until they step downward — which means they wield pregnant power in our democracy. With this in heed, nosotros're taking a look at the electric current lineup of Supreme Court justices — and how their histories with interpreting the law might shape our state in the coming years.
John Chiliad. Roberts Jr., Principal Justice | September 29, 2005
President George W. Bush appointed John Glover Roberts Jr. to the Supreme Court in 2005, making him the Court's 17th Chief Justice. Born in Buffalo, New York, Master Justice Roberts earned both his bachelor's and law degree from Harvard Academy. In the lead up to his SCOTUS appointment, the Harvard grad held many respected legal roles, including Associate Counsel to President Ronald Reagan from 1982 to 1986; Principal Deputy Solicitor General for the U.S. Department of Justice from 1989 to 1993; and Appellate Estimate on the The states Courtroom of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit in 2003.
In terms of his full general political philosophy, Chief Justice Roberts leans toward more than bourgeois points of view. At the same time, he strongly believes the Court just interprets laws that already exist and that they aren't in the business organisation of making laws. This belief has led him to oppose the wishes of the Republican party on several landmark cases, including Obergefell five. Hodges, which made same-sex activity wedlock a ramble correct, likewise as National Federation of Contained Business v. Sebelius and King five. Burwell, which upheld the constitutionality of unlike aspects of the Affordable Care Act.
Clarence Thomas, Acquaintance Justice | Oct 23, 1991
In 1991, President George H.W. Bush appointed Clarence Thomas to the Supreme Court as an Associate Justice. Born just outside of Savannah, Georgia, the future SCOTUS justice attended the Higher of the Holy Cross before earning his police caste from Yale Law School. Later graduation, Thomas served equally Banana Attorney General of Missouri from 1974 to 1977; Chairman of the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission from 1982 to 1990; and Appellate Judge on the U.s. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit from 1990 to 1991.
For the most part, Thomas is known as an "originalist" — that is, he looks at constitutional issues based on the original intentions of the founding fathers, regardless of how life may accept changed during the interceding years. Interestingly, Thomas doesn't often participate in oral arguments and, despite recent Trump Assistants appointments, the University of Michigan ranked him the most bourgeois justice on the Court by a large margin, every bit per the university'south Martin-Quinn score organisation, a means of measuring ane'south ideology. Notably, Thomas authored the stance for Kansas v. March, which upheld the constitutionality of a Kansas death penalty statute.
Stephen G. Breyer, Associate Justice | August three, 1994
President Bill Clinton appointed Stephen Breyer to the Supreme Court every bit an Acquaintance Justice in 1994. The San Francisco-born justice attended Stanford University and attained a bachelor'southward in philosophy, before studying at Oxford University as a Marshall Scholar and earning an LL.B. from Harvard Police force School. Early in his career, Breyer gained some familiarity with SCOTUS past serving as a law clerk for Supreme Courtroom Justice Arthur Goldberg in 1964.
Before returning to the halls of the SCOTUS building, Breyer was likewise an Assistant Special Prosecutor on the Watergate Special Prosecution Force in 1973; taught at Harvard Law School from 1967 to 1994; served for a decade as an Appellate Guess for the United States Courtroom of Appeals for the Beginning Excursion; and was appointed Principal Judge for said court from 1990 to 1994. Generally, the pragmatic justice is known for his moderate ideology. Like any good philosophy major, Breyer considers both the real-world consequences and the original intention of the writers of the Constitution when formulating an opinion. Memorably, Breyer wrote the unanimous courtroom opinion for NLRB v. Noel Canning, which limits the recess engagement power of the president.
Samuel A. Alito Jr., Associate Justice | January 31, 2006
In 2006, President George West. Bush-league nominated Samuel Alito Jr. as an Associate Justice on the Supreme Court. Born in Trenton, New Bailiwick of jersey, Alito attended Princeton University, where he participated in the ROTC program, before setting his sights on Yale Law School. Early on in his career, Alito served as a law clerk for Leonard Garth of the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit before becoming an Assistant U.Southward. Attorney for the Commune of New Jersey in 1977.
Alito rounded out his resume by working for the U.Due south. Section of Justice as Assistant to the Solicitor General, Deputy Assistant Chaser Full general and U.Southward. Chaser for the District of New Bailiwick of jersey. Earlier joining the Court, he was appointed Appellate Judge on the United States Court of Appeals for the 3rd Circuit in 1990. Although he reportedly evaluates subjects on a case-past-case basis, Alito mostly leans conservative, with his 2019 Martin-Quinn score ranking him the second-most conservative justice on the Court. Alito has authored numerous notable opinions, including Mitchell v. Wisconsin, which allows claret alcohol tests on unconscious drivers without a warrant, and Husted 5. Randolph Institute, which upheld Ohio's methods for maintaining voter registration records.
Sonia Sotomayor, Associate Justice | August 8, 2009
In August 2009, President Barack Obama appointed Sonia Sotomayor to the Supreme Courtroom every bit the showtime Hispanic and Latinx Associate Justice and only the third adult female. Built-in and raised in the Bronx, she was determined to get an attorney afterwards existence inspired past an episode of Perry Stonemason. After earning her bachelor's from Princeton University, she attended Yale Police School for her J.D. After schoolhouse, Sotomayor started her career as an Banana District Attorney in the New York County District Attorney's Office in 1979 and then worked every bit an associate and partner for Pavia & Harcourt from 1984 to 1992. In 1991, President George H.W. Bush nominated her to the U.South. Commune Courtroom, Southern District of New York, where she served from 1992 to 1998.
Only prior to her SCOTUS engagement, Sotomayor served equally an Appellate Gauge on the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Excursion from 1998 to 2009. Based on the 2019 Martin-Quinn scores, Sotomayor is the well-nigh liberal justice on the Courtroom: She dissented from the majority on the very first case she heard on the Court — Citizens United v. Federal Ballot Committee — establishing her as a bold, unwavering justice correct off the bat. Since then, she has been a fundamental member in landmark decisions like Obergefell v. Hodges.
Elena Kagan, Associate Justice | August vii, 2010
A twelvemonth after Justice Sotomayor's appointment, President Barack Obama likewise appointed the fourth female Associate Justice to the Supreme Court. Built-in in New York Urban center, Elena Kagan earned her bachelor's caste at Princeton University, studied at Oxford to attain a Master of Philosophy and then attended Harvard Law School for her J.D. in 1986. After, Kagan began her legal career as a clerk for Judge Abner Mikva of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit from 1986 to 1987 and for Justice Thurgood Marshall of the U.S. Supreme Court during the 1987 term.
After spending some time in private practice, she taught at the University of Chicago Constabulary School and Harvard Law School, ultimately serving equally the Dean of Harvard Law School from 2003 to 2009. Before appointing her to the Courtroom, President Obama nominated her Solicitor Full general of the Us. Much similar Sotomayor, Kagan tends to lean liberal. She sided with the majority in several contempo landmark cases, including King five. Burwell, where she ruled in favor of supporting the Affordable Care Act, and Obergefell v. Hodges, which legalized same-sex wedlock. Kagan'south back up of aforementioned-sex marrigae is notable in that it marked a shift from the position she expressed at her confirmation hearing.
Neil M. Gorsuch, Associate Justice | April x, 2017
The starting time Acquaintance Justice appointed to the Supreme Court past President Donald Trump, Neil Gorsuch was sworn in on April 10, 2017. Born in Denver, Colorado, Gorsuch received a bachelor's degree from Columbia University earlier pursuing a J.D. at Harvard Law School. Later on, his legal career began in 1991 when he took upwards a law clerk position under Approximate David Sentelle of the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit. In his starting time brush with SCOTUS, Gorsuch clerked for Supreme Court Justices Byron White and Anthony Kennedy from 1993 to 1995 before setting his sights elsewhere.
With a decade of private do under his belt, Gorsuch served as Principal Deputy Acquaintance Attorney General at the U.S. Section of Justice for a year from 2005 to 2006, and, at the stop of that service, President George W. Bush appointed him to the Usa Court of Appeals for the Tenth Excursion. Much like Thomas, Gorsuch is a Ramble originalist, though many political writers accept accounted him more than libertarian than conservative, citing that he'southward "willing to go his ain way." In his short fourth dimension on the courtroom, Gorsuch has sided with the bulk on several important cases, including Hobby Lobby 5. Sebelius, which involved upholding religious liberties related to the Affordable Intendance Act.
Brett M. Kavanaugh, Associate Justice | October 6, 2018
President Donald Trump appointed Brett Kavanaugh to the Supreme Court as an Associate Justice in 2018. With allegations of sexual misconduct cropping in the wake of his nomination, Kavanaugh's date hearing was one of the most contentious in SCOTUS' history. Every bit Americans may recall from said hearings, Kavanaugh earned both his bachelor's and J.D. from Yale before serving as a law clerk for several prominent judges, including Judge Walter Stapleton of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit and Justice Anthony Kennedy of the U.S. Supreme Court.
Afterward on, Kavanaugh spent time as a partner in a D.C. constabulary firm and then served as Associate Counsel and Senior Associate Counsel to President George W. Bush from 2001 to 2003, which led President Bush to appoint him to the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit in 2006. Although his time on the Courtroom just started, Kavanaugh has already authored 2 timely opinions related to the tech industry, including Apple v. Pepper and Manhattan Community Access Corp. 5. Halleck, which adamant a public access company isn't subject field to the First Subpoena. Although many experts feared a far correct shift in the Courtroom due to Kavanaugh'due south appointment, his 2019 Martin-Quinn score placed him in the conservative range by a slim margin.
Amy Coney Barrett, Associate Justice | October 27, 2020
When Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg passed away on September eighteen, 2020, outgoing President Donald Trump wasted no time in queuing up a nominee for the empty Supreme Court seat, eventually landing on Amy Coney Barrett. A piffling over a calendar month after, Barrett became the 5th woman to serve on the Supreme Court of the United States. Much similar Kavanaugh's nomination, Barrett'southward drew quite a scrap of controversy, though most of the criticism was leveraged against the appointment timeline rather than her qualifications.
After receiving a available'southward from Rhodes Higher, Barrett attended Notre Matriarch Law Schoolhouse, where she would go along to work equally a police force school professor for many years. Apart from her bookish path, she has clerked for Judge Laurence Silberman of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit likewise equally former SCOTUS justice Antonin Scalia, who likely helped inform Barrett's originalist opinion. Additionally, Barrett served fewer than three years on the 7th Circuit before her nomination to the highest court in the American judicial system. While Barrett joined her peers in dismissing President Trump's election challenge, some critics fear that her devout Catholicism might make landmark rulings, like Roe five. Wade and Obergefell v. Hodges, vulnerable to change.
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